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viernes, julio 26, 2024
InicioHemerotecaLa impresionante técnica de aterrizaje de las abejas

La impresionante técnica de aterrizaje de las abejas

¿Cómo lo logran?

Para aterrizar de forma segura, la abeja debe reducir su velocidad de aproximación hasta detenerse casi por completo antes de posarse. Una manera lógica de hacerlo sería calculando dos factores: la velocidad de vuelo y la distancia al objetivo, y entonces reducir la velocidad en función de ambos factores. Sin embargo, esto sería muy complicado para la mayoría de los insectos ya que tienen los ojos muy juntos y con un enfoque fijo, lo cual les impide medir directamente las distancias.

La visión de las abejas se diferencia mucho de la visión binocular de los humanos, que permite calcular a qué distancia se halla un objeto. Entonces, ¿cómo calculan la distancia? Al parecer, se valen del simple hecho de que los objetos se ven más grandes cuanto más cerca están, y de que cuanto más cerca están, más rápido parecen aumentar de tamaño. Ciertos estudios realizados en la Universidad Nacional de Australia indican que las abejas disminuyen su velocidad de vuelo para que la velocidad a la que su objetivo “aumenta” de tamaño sea constante. Para cuando una abeja llega a su destino, ha reducido la velocidad casi por completo, y así puede aterrizar sin problemas.

La revista Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences informa: “La sencillez y aplicabilidad de esta técnica de aterrizaje hace que sea ideal para implementarla en los sistemas de navegación de robots voladores”.

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