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InicioInternacionalUna nave espacial de la NASA que chocará deliberadamente contra un asteroide

Una nave espacial de la NASA que chocará deliberadamente contra un asteroide

Una nave espacial de la NASA que chocará deliberadamente contra un asteroide se prepara para su lanzamiento esta semana.

La misión DART, o Prueba de Redireccionamiento de Asteroides Doble, despegará a las 10:20 pm PT  el 23 de noviembre (1:20 am ET del 24 de noviembre) a bordo de un cohete SpaceX Falcon 9 desde la Base de la Fuerza Espacial Vandenberg en California. La cobertura en vivo del evento se transmitirá por NASA TV y el sitio web de la agencia.

Sin embargo,la verdadera prueba para esta tecnología de desviación de asteroides vendrá en septiembre de 2022, cuando la nave espacial llegue a su destino, para ver cómo impacta el movimiento de un asteroide cercano a la Tierra en el espacio.

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El objetivo de la misión es Dimorphos, una pequeña luna que orbita el asteroide Didymos, cercano a la Tierra. Esta será la primera demostración a gran escala de la agencia de este tipo de tecnología en nombre de la defensa planetaria. También será la primera vez que los humanos alteren la dinámica de un cuerpo del sistema solar de una manera mensurable, según la Agencia Espacial Europea.

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Los objetos cercanos a la Tierra son asteroides y cometas con órbitas que los ubican a 30 millones de millas (48 millones de kilómetros) de la Tierra. La detección de la amenaza de objetos cercanos a la Tierra, o NEO, que podrían causar daños graves es un enfoque principal de la NASA y otras organizaciones espaciales de todo el mundo.

Es el momento perfecto para que ocurra la misión DART.

Didymos y Dimorphos estarán relativamente cerca de la Tierra –a 6.835.083 millas (11 millones de kilómetros)– en septiembre de 2022.

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La nave llegará a una velocidad de aproximadamente 15.000 millas (24.140 kilómetros) por hora, apuntando a Dimorphos, dijo Nancy Chabot, líder de coordinación de DART en el Laboratorio de Física Aplicada Johns Hopkins en Laurel, Maryland.

Una cámara en la nave espacial, llamada DRACO, y un software de navegación autónoma ayudarán a la nave espacial a detectar y colisionar con Dimorphos. DRACO es la abreviatura de Didymos Reconnaissance & Asteroid Camera para OpNav.

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